Citations

Endnotes:

1. Sarah Weber and Toby Schonfeld, “Cutting History, Cutting Culture: Female Circumcision in the United States,” The American Journal of Bioethics 3, no, 2 (2003): 65.

2. Weber and Schonfeld, The American Journal: 65.

3. Isabelle R. Gunning, "Female Genital Surgeries: Eradication Measures at the Western Local Level- A Cautionary Tale," in Gential Cutting and Transnational Sisterhood: Disputing U.S. Polemics, ed. Stanlie M James and Claire C. Roberston (Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2005): 114.

4. Sheryl McCarthy, "Fleeing Mutilation, Fighting for Asylum," Ms., July/August 1996, 13.

5. Christine J Walley, "Searching for "Voices": Feminism, Anthropology, and the Global Debate over Female Genital Operations," in Gential Cutting and Transnational Sisterhood: Disputing U.S. Polemics, ed. Stanlie M James and Claire C. Roberston (Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2005): 21.

6. McCarthy, Ms.: 13.

7. Barbara Reynolds, "The Move to Outlaw Female Gential Mutilation," Ms., July/August 1994.

8. Reynolds, Ms.:92.

9. Adrien Katherine Wing, " Global Critical Race Feminism: An International Reader," New York: New York University Press, 2000: 263.

10. Reynolds, Ms.:93.

11. Patricia Schroeder, “H.R.3247 - 103rd Congress (1993-1994): Federal Prohibition of Female Genital Mutilation Act of 1993,” Congress.gov, February 8, 1994. https://www.congress.gov/bill/103rd-congress/house-bill/3247.

12. Schroeder, “H.R.3247 - 103rd Congress (1993-1994): Federal Prohibition of Female Genital Mutilation Act of 1993.” 

13. Hunter College Women's and Gender Studies Collective, "Women's Realities, Women's Choices: An Introduction to Women's and Gender Studies," New York: Oxford University Press, 2014: 74.

14. Introduction of Legislation Prohibiting Female Genital Mutilation, HR 941 1289, 140 Congress Part 2: February 8, 1994.

15. Madeline Smola, "Female Genital Mutilation Isn't Just an African Problem," Ms., March 2015.

Additional Sources Consulted: 

1. Gential Cutting and Transnational Sisterhood: Disputing U.S. Polemics, ed. Stanlie M James and Claire C. Roberston. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2005.

2. Hunter College Women's and Gender Studies Collective, "Women's Realities, Women's Choices: An Introduction to Women's and Gender Studies," New York: Oxford University Press, 2014.

3. Ramachandran, Tanisha.  “No Woman Left Covered: Unveiling and the Politics of Multiculturalism in Quebec.” Canadian Woman Studies, Vol. 27, Issue 2/3, Spring 2009, pp. 33-38. 

4. Uma Narayan, "Cross-Cultural Connections, Border-Crossings, and "Death by Culture": Thinking About Dowry-Murders in India and Domestic-Violence Murders in the United States from Uma Narayan, Dislocating Cultures. Routledge, 1997.